International Finance and Financial Management Essay

International Finance and pecuniary Management - Essay ExampleThe bottom-up approach is the opposite of top-down approach, dealing first with companies and thus the industry groups and finally the economy. Fundamental analysis has its strengths in forecasting long-term trends, determining the companys fair determine in terms of asset valuation, strong balance sheet, earnings stability, and staying power1.There are certain lucks that investors ask to put up with when investing in stocks. A company whitethorn face one or more of the several sources of fundamental risk, namely, business risk, financial risk, liquidity risk, exchange tempo risk, country risk, amuse rate risk, and credit risk2.Domiciled in Seattle, US, Microsoft has its offices in 100 countries. As per the information excerpted from its annual report for the form 2006, Microsoft reported a net income of $12.5 billion. Such profitability, however, does not get achieved without taking risks. Investors need to be sur e of what risks Microsoft tackles with in order to satisfy its stakeholders.Microsoft, in its operations, encounters business risk which is the risk of uncertainty over interchange flows caused due to a number of reasons. Microsoft faces intense competition across all markets for its products and services. 1Jones, C.P. (1996). Investments Analysis and Management. John Wiley & Sons Inc., naked as a jaybird York. 2Clark, E., Levasseur, M., & Rousseau, P.(1993). International Finance. Chapman & Hall, New York.Its competitors range from Fortune 100 companies to small, specialized single-product businesses. With low barriers to entry, this business segment is face a fierce competition worldwide. These competitive pressures have the capability to threaten Microsofts sales volumes and operating cost resulting in lower revenue. Microsoft faces a challenge in combating unlicensed use of its software and sharp keeping rights3. It spends a fortune every year to educate the public regardi ng abuse of its software. However, continued educational efforts may not succeed in implementing Microsofts desired security objectives and any reductions in the legal protection of its intellectual property rights can adversely affect revenue. Due to its geographic dispersion, Microsoft is subject to tax risk. Tax risk affects investors because it affects net earnings4. Being accountable for tax in the US as well as legion(predicate) foreign jurisdictions, there is uncertainty over Microsofts tax liabilities. Therefore, tax provisions may not be accurate which can significantly impair its earnings. Other examples of business risk that may affect Microsofts revenue are delays in product development, lawsuits and claims, changes in accounting standards, and maintaining uniformity in pricing structures due to global presence. Another challenge for Microsoft is to tackle with market risk that comprises of foreign exchange risk and interest rate risk. It is quite obvious that having o perations worldwide Microsoft is deemed to face risk of foreign currency losing value relative to its domicile currency. However, as mentioned in its annual report, Microsoft manages this risk by hedging its foreign